mysql实现按组区分后获取每组前几名的sql怎么写

    遇到一个场景,要把数据分组,然后获取每组前10条数据,首先我想到用group by分组,但是难点是分组后怎么知道该数据在组里面排第几条。

    一、创建表,插入相关测试数据

    CREATE TABLE `score` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
      `subject` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '科目',
      `student_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生id',
      `student_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名',
      `score` double DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '成绩',
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=16 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

    备注:插入的数据sql在最后面,小伙伴可以自行验证下面的sql

    二、查询每科成绩前三的记录

    数据有了,那么写sql,sql如下:

    ###每科成绩前三名
    SELECT
    	* 
    FROM
    	score s1 
    WHERE
    	( SELECT count( * ) FROM score s2 
    	           WHERE s1.`subject` = s2.`subject` AND s1.score < s2.score 
    	) < 3 
    ORDER BY
    	SUBJECT,
    	score DESC

    分析:

    里面用了子查询,核心sql是where后面的这个条件:

    ( SELECT count( * ) FROM score s2 WHERE s1.subject = s2.subject AND s1.score < s2.score ) < 3

    这段sql的意思是。。。

    感觉我的语言有点描述不出来,还是用我熟悉的java代码描述上面的sql,大概就是for循环遍历两次,在第二次for循环的时候统计同一科目的学生记录,比s1的学生分数高的数量,如果这个数量小于3的话,说明s1排名前三,看下面的代码理解理解

    public class StudentTest {
       
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
            //初始化和表结构一致的数据
            initData(list);
            //记录查询出来的结果
            List<Student> result = new ArrayList<>();
            for(Student s1 : list){
                int num = 0;
                //两次for循环遍历,相当于sql里面的子查询
                for(Student s2:list){
                    //统计同一科目,且分数s2分数大于s1的数量,简单理解就是同一科目的学生记录,比s1的学生分数高的数量
                    if(s1.getSubject().equals(s2.getSubject())
                            &&s1.getScore()<s2.getScore()){
                        num++;
                    }
                }
                //比s1的学生分数高的数量,如果小于3的话,说明s1这个排名前三
                // 举例:num=0时,说明同一科目,没有一个学生成绩高于s1学生, s1学生的这科成绩排名第一
                // num =1,时,s1学生排名第二,num=3时:说明排名同一科目有三个学生成绩高过s1,s1排第四,所以只统计前三的学生,条件就是num<3
                if(num < 3){
                    result.add(s1);
                }
            }
            //输出各科成绩前三的记录
            result.stream()
                    .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Student::getSubject))
                    .forEach(
                 s-> System.out.println(String.format("学生:%s,科目:%s,成绩:%s",s.getName(),s.getSubject(),s.getScore()))
            );
    
        }
    
        public static void initData(List<Student> list) {
             
               list.add(new Student(1,"语文","张三",59));
               list.add(new Student(2,"数学","张三",78));
               list.add(new Student(3,"英语","张三",65));
               list.add(new Student(4,"语文","李四",88));
               list.add(new Student(5,"数学","李四",58));
               list.add(new Student(6,"英语","李四",65));
               list.add(new Student(7,"语文","王五",92));
               list.add(new Student(8,"数学","王五",99));
               list.add(new Student(9,"英语","王五",96));
               list.add(new Student(10,"语文","小张",90));
               list.add(new Student(11,"数学","小张",91));
               list.add(new Student(12,"英语","小张",90));
               list.add(new Student(13,"语文","小华",88));
               list.add(new Student(14,"数学","小华",79));
               list.add(new Student(15,"英语","小华",77));
        }
        
        @Data
        public static class Student {
        private int id;
        private String subject;
        private String name;
        private double score;
        //想当于表结构
        public Student(int id, String subject, String name, double score) {
            this.id = id;
            this.subject = subject;
            this.name = name;
            this.score = score;
        }
    }

    可以看到代码运行完打印出来的结果和执行sql后的结果是一样的

    三、查询学生各科分数大于等于90分的记录

    表和数据都有了,顺便也总结一些这类型的sql题

    如题目为查询上面表的各科成绩都大于等于90分的记录,那么sql怎么写?

    1. 第一种写法:正向思考

    各科成绩都大于90分的,那么最低分的也必须大于等于90分,sql如下:

    SELECT
    	* 
    FROM
    	score 
    WHERE
    	student_id IN  
    	  (SELECT student_id FROM score GROUP BY student_id HAVING min( score ) >= 90 )

    2. 第二种写法:逆向思考

    排除最高分都小于90分的记录

    SELECT
    	* 
    FROM
    	score 
    WHERE
    	student_id NOT IN  
    	  (SELECT student_id FROM score GROUP BY student_id HAVING max( score ) < 90 )

    备注:正向和逆向看具体情况选择

    其他的插叙

    查询学生各科平均分大于80分的记录

    ###查询学生各科平均分大于80分的记录
    select * from score where student_id in(
         select student_id from score GROUP BY student_id HAVING avg(score)>80
    )

    查询一个学生每科分数不及格的记录

    ###查询一个学生每科分数不及格的记录
    SELECT
    	* 
    FROM
    	score 
    WHERE
    	student_id IN 
    	( SELECT student_id FROM score GROUP BY student_id HAVING max( score ) < 60 )

    附:表结构插入的sql

    CREATE TABLE `score` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
      `subject` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '科目',
      `student_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生id',
      `student_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名',
      `score` double DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '成绩',
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=16 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (1, '语文', 1, '张三', 59);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (2, '数学', 1, '张三', 78);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (3, '英语', 1, '张三', 65);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (4, '语文', 2, '李四', 88);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (5, '数学', 2, '李四', 58);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (6, '英语', 2, '李四', 65);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (7, '语文', 3, '王五', 92);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (8, '数学', 3, '王五', 99);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (9, '英语', 3, '王五', 96);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (10, '语文', 4, '小张', 90);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (11, '数学', 4, '小张', 91);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (12, '英语', 4, '小张', 90);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (13, '语文', 5, '小华', 88);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (14, '数学', 5, '小华', 79);
    INSERT INTO `test`.`score`(`id`, `subject`, `student_id`, `student_name`, `score`) VALUES (15, '英语', 5, '小华', 77);

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